Atypical Immune Response: Acquired Hemolytic Anemia in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient with Unusual Findings

Mannan Mangal, Mysore Medical College and Research InstituteFollow

Author ORCID Identifier

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8827-6043

Abstract

Acquired hemolytic anemia, caused by external factors like autoimmune disorders or infections, includes rare cases of Cold Agglutinin Syndrome (CAS), a cold-antibody-mediated condition affecting 1 in 1 million annually. This report highlights a unique case of CAS in a patient with Non-Hodgkin lymphoma and polyclonal gammopathy, contrasting with the typical presentation of warm-reactive autoantibodies and monoclonal antibodies. The patient presented with weakness, breathlessness, and splenomegaly, with laboratory findings showing a hemoglobin level of 5.8 g/dL and elevated ferritin. Imaging revealed mesenteric lymphadenopathy and thickening of the cecum, suggesting possible lymphomatous involvement. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma was confirmed via lymph node biopsy. This case underscores the importance of recognizing atypical presentations of hemolytic anemia, such as CAS, in lymphoma patients, where warm-reactive autoantibodies typically dominate in similar cases.

Publication Date

2024

Publisher

JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest related to this case report. There has been no financial support or other benefits from commercial sources, and no financial or professional relationships that could be perceived to influence the content of this publication.

Keywords

Cold Agglutinin Syndrome, Acquired Hemolytic Anemia, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL), Polyclonal Gammopathy, Splenomegaly, cold-reactive, warm-reactive

Word Count

1250

Recommended Citation

Mangal M. Atypical Immune Response: Acquired Hemolytic Anemia in a Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient with Unusual Findings. Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2024; 6(4): -. doi: https://doi.org/10.55691/2582-3868.1217