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International Journal of Health and Allied Sciences

Abstract

BACKGROUND-Prolong Smartphone use causes postural changes because of the forward head posture leading to neck pain. Rounded shoulders and pain in wrist can be seen along with the neck issue.

METHODOLOGY- A variety of electronic databases were used to search for the literature.

Source of Data: PubMed, Science Direct, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane library and Google Scholar. Study design: Review of literature.

RESULT- A total of 178 full-text publications were examined for eligibility. 47 studies were shortlisted from which 10 studies were selected on the basis of criteria given for inclusion of data. Studies included were survey, cross sectional and cohort. Studies found that varied postures and participation of different sections of the body contribute to the emergence of neck pain and disability in long-term smartphone users.

DISCUSSION- Postural changes related to Smartphone includes forward head posture, which may cause neck pain and shoulder issues as neck holds the weight of the head and the forward head posture causes more tension on the neck muscles. Faulty posture may become a predisposing factor for severe neck disorders like disc degeneration, decrease in the cervical lordosis and tightness of muscles around the neck. The prolong use of Smartphone without taking a break is leading to neck pain and disability. There is a risk of other musculoskeletal disorders related to Smartphone overuse.

CONCLUSION- The purpose of this review is to collect data on the effects of extended use of smartphones on the cervical and thoracic regions. When using a smartphone, adopting an incorrect forward head posture that can lead to neck pain and incapacity. It's always advisable to follow an ergonomic routine and adopt good posture when using a smartphone. Stretching the muscles and exercising can help balance the demands on the musculoskeletal system and prepare the body for optimal performance.

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